Ida Jean Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory

Introduction

Ida Jean Orlando, born on August 12, 1926, is a prominent figure in nursing theory, known for her contributions through her 1961 publication, The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship, and its subsequent revision in 1972, The Discipline and Teaching of Nursing Processes. Her work emphasizes the importance of understanding patient behavior and the role of nurses in responding to patients' needs.

Orlando’s Biography

Orlando obtained a Bachelor of Science in Public Health, a Nursing Diploma, and a Master’s Degree in Mental Health. Her academic and professional journey included being an Associate Professor and serving as a project investigator for a National Institute of Mental Health grant.

Theoretical Foundations

Development of the Theory

Orlando developed her nursing theory in the late 1950s, categorizing nursing practices into two distinct categories: "good nursing" and "bad nursing." Good nursing incorporates intermediate verbal and non-verbal behaviors of the patient, whereas bad nursing focuses on elements unrelated to the patient's behavior.

Metaparadigm Components

Person

Orlando views the patient as an individual possessing unique needs and perceptions. Sometimes, patients cannot clearly express their needs, indicating the necessity for nurses to interpret both verbal and non-verbal cues to identify distress or discomfort.

Health

Health, in Orlando's theory, is not explicitly defined but is implied through the alleviation of distress. The primary goal is restoring the patient's sense of well-being by addressing immediate needs and resolving factors that impact health.

Nursing

According to Orlando, nursing is a responsive and deliberative process. Nurses observe patient behavior to identify needs and implement actions aimed at relieving distress. This interactive process involves continuous assessment and validation of the effectiveness of interventions based on patient feedback.

Environment

The environment encompasses the physical and emotional context of the nurse-patient interaction. Orlando emphasizes the immediate situational dynamics over broader environmental factors.

Deliberative Nursing Process

Components of the Nursing Process

Orlando's theory outlines various components that characterize the nursing process:

Function of Professional Nursing: This aspect involves discovering and meeting patients' immediate needs for assistance. Orlando describes nursing as
"responsive to individuals who suffer... for the purpose of avoiding, relieving, diminishing or curing the individual's sense of helplessness."
Presenting Behavior: The first step is recognizing a problematic situation based on the patient's presenting behavior, which may signify a plea for help. This behavior stimulates an automatic internal response from the nurse.
Intermediate Reaction: Nurses perceive patient behavior through their senses, leading to automatic thoughts and feelings that inform actions.
Nursing Process Discipline: This involves shared observations with the patient to ascertain and meet their needs. The nurse must engage in exploration with the patient to validate their initial reactions, ensuring clear communication.
Improvement: The evaluation of nursing activity focuses on whether it effectively helps the patient articulate and meet their needs. Each interaction provides the nurse an opportunity to learn how best to support the patient.

Summary of Orlando's Theory

Orlando's Nursing Theory highlights the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse, asserting that both parties impact one another through communication and actions. Her approach emphasizes identifying and addressing patients' immediate needs and measuring improvement based on observable behavioral changes.

Application of Theory to Nursing

Orlando's theory serves as a foundational framework in hospital settings to guide patient care and nursing management. It has significantly impacted nursing education by advocating for process recording—a self-evaluation method to assess adherence to the nursing process. Furthermore, her work has gained acceptance in various research contexts within nursing, reflecting its broad relevance and adaptability.

Conclusion

Orlando's theory remains a crucial part of nursing practice, especially beneficial for novice nurses. The systematic approach provided by the Deliberative Nursing Process leads to improved patient outcomes, affirming the ongoing importance of effective nursing practice.

Thank You!

Prepared by: Group 2 BSN 1 - Block L
Martinez, Marshelly
Sevilla, Ashley
Vega, Cassandra
Menor, Kim
Paner, Karylle

Expanded Overview of Ida Jean Orlando’s Nursing Theory

Expanded Overview of Ida Jean Orlando’s Nursing Theory